Gallstones – Removal of the gallbladder to treat pain or infection caused by gallstones.
Hernia – Repair of inguinal, umbilical, or ventral hernias to prevent complications.
Appendicitis – Surgical removal of an inflamed appendix to avoid rupture.
Endometriosis – Excision of endometrial tissue to relieve pelvic pain and improve fertility.
Ovarian Cysts – Removal of cysts to prevent rupture, torsion, or persistent symptoms.
Ectopic Pregnancy – Emergency removal of a pregnancy implanted outside the uterus.
Reflux Disease (GERD) – Nissen fundoplication to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter.
Obesity – Bariatric procedures like gastric sleeve or bypass to support weight loss.
Colorectal Disorders – Resection of diseased colon segments in conditions like cancer or diverticulitis.
Kidney Disorders – Procedures like nephrectomy for tumors, stones, or nonfunctioning kidneys.
Spleen Disorders – Splenectomy for conditions such as hypersplenism or trauma.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy – Removal of the gallbladder to treat gallstones or inflammation.
Laparoscopic Appendectomy – Surgical removal of an inflamed or infected appendix.
Laparoscopic Hernia Repair – Minimally invasive repair of inguinal, umbilical, or incisional hernias.
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy – Removal of the uterus to treat conditions like fibroids or heavy bleeding.
Laparoscopic Myomectomy – Removal of uterine fibroids while preserving the uterus.
Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy – Excision of ovarian cysts while preserving ovarian tissue.
Laparoscopic Fundoplication – Treatment for GERD by reinforcing the lower esophageal sphincter.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy – Weight-loss surgery involving removal of a portion of the stomach.
Laparoscopic Colectomy – Removal of part or all of the colon to treat cancer, polyps, or diverticulitis.
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy – Surgical removal of a kidney due to disease or damage.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy – Removal of the spleen in cases of trauma, disease, or blood disorders.
Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis – Cutting of internal scar tissue (adhesions) causing pain or obstruction.

Preparation – Thorough patient evaluation, medical history review, and preoperative assessments to ensure surgical readiness.
Anesthesia Administration – Administration of general anesthesia to ensure patient comfort and immobility throughout the procedure.
Incision and Access – Creation of small incisions for trocar insertion, followed by laparoscope placement and insufflation of the abdomen with CO₂ for optimal visualization.
Exploration and Surgery – Careful examination of the surgical site and performance of the required procedure using advanced laparoscopic instruments.
Specimen Removal (if required) – Extraction of diseased tissue or organs through the small incisions as necessary.
Closure and Recovery – Closure of incisions, release of insufflation gas, and close postoperative monitoring to ensure safe recovery.